Process¶
Knowledge Pyramid¶
The Wissenspyradmide is a model for representing the emergence of knowledge.
The four element types: Signs, Data, Information, and Knowledge are represented pyramidically as four levels.
Signs form the base and knowledge forms the apex of the pyramid.
Characters¶
A character encodes a single letter, a digit, a special character, or a control character.
- Example 1: German alphabet with umlauts and numbers, sentence separators and end-of-sentence marks
Character set:
abcdefgijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ äöüßÄÖÜ0123456789,:;-.!? - Example 2: ASCII text (ISO 8859-1) is an encoding of 256 representable characters in 8 bits. (Originally there were only 128 characters in 7 bits.)
Syntax¶
Formal rules that define how well-formed expressions are formed from a given character set.
- Example 1: German grammar -
Sentence rules:
- One or more words, each consisting of two or more alphanumeric characters
- A space separates two words
,:;-separate sentence parts.!?ends a sentence
- Example 2: HTML (web page):
- Each line contains ASCII characters
- Line breaks separate lines
- A line contains text or an HTML tag that begins with
<and ends with>
Data¶
A representation of information that can be interpreted repeatedly in a formalized manner, suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing.
Example 1: Formally correct sentence. e.g., "I only understand Bahnhof."
Example 2: HTML text file (*.html).
Semantics¶
Guidelines for interpreting data.
- Example 1: German dictionary. For example, the definition of "Bahnhof" in Duden:
- The entire complex of a railway station with track facilities and associated buildings
- a building belonging to the station with a [large] hall
- Example 2: HTML elements
<p>defines a paragraph<img>defines an image<table>defines a table- ...
Information¶
Data that have meaning and are organized for a specific purpose. For example, information is a collection of data with accompanying explanations, interpretations, and other textual material that relate to a particular object, event, or process.
- Example 1: Correct German sentence e.g., "I have no idea what you're talking about."
- Example 2: HTML text file (*.html).
Processing¶
Linking information through algorithms, experiences, values, and domain knowledge.
- Example 1: Germans know that the expression "Ich verstehe nur Bahnhof" is an idiom.
- Example 2: Web browser: A web browser interprets the HTML tags and renders a webpage from them
Knowledge¶
The collected, interconnected information about a specific subject, integrated with personal experience. Knowledge has a considerably higher level of complexity than information and is one of the company's most valuable assets. Through knowledge, decisions can be made and actions initiated.
- Example 1: "I don't understand a thing." This means not understanding anything or wanting to understand.
- Example 2: A fully rendered website
Lecture Hall Question¶
What are the signs shown in the image?
Lecture Hall Question¶
What syntax is shown in the image?
Lecture Hall Question¶
What is the semantic content of the image?
Lecture question¶
What processing is shown in the image?
Answers: Hieroglyphs¶
- Character: Each hieroglyph represents a character
- Syntax: The hieroglyphs are arranged in columns. We read them from top to bottom and from right to left.
- Semantics: Each hieroglyph has a context-specific meaning which can represent pictographs, phonetic signs, or determinatives.
- Processing: The hieroglyphs can only be correctly interpreted in their context.
Syntax of a Programming Language¶
A formal set of rules that defines how the computer should interpret the programming language. The syntax typically includes rules for defining commands (keywords), variables (values), and code blocks (statements).
Semantics of a programming language¶
Definition of the meaning of language elements and the permissible combinations of elements.
Lessons Learned - Learning Styles¶
- Each of us has preferred sensory channels
- We tend to receive and transmit information through these channels
- This can be used intentionally for learning
- The most effective learning occurs when you use multiple channels
Lessons Learned – Learning Style Testing¶
Using the following test, you can determine which learning style you tend to have. For each question, without overthinking it, place a cross in one of the numbered boxes.
Now tally how often you marked answers from categories 1, 2, and 3. Enter the totals for each category in the table below.
Lessons Learned — Tailoring to Learning Styles¶
The tactile learner learns best when they can touch or try things out.
- Try things out
- Touch things
- Move while learning
- Take a walk
- Create flashcards
- Make models
- Create study posters
- Write by hand
The auditory learner learns best when they hear something.
- Phrase the material as short learning statements
- Read them aloud to yourself
- Record the material on your smartphone and replay it via headphones
- Talk with others
- Find study groups
- Find quiet places without distractions
The visual learner learns best when they can see something.
- Take notes in bullet form
- Create illustrations
- Look for suitable mental images
- Use visual aids
- Visualize connections in sketches, pictures, and summaries
- Review overviews and diagrams repeatedly
